All have a start and end, and use curly brackets. Some take additional parameters separated by colons. :

They are also processed in this order of sequence as listed here:

Encrypts the inner data in DES format.

encrypt_start

URL encodes the inner data.

encode_start

URL decodes the inner data.

decode_start

Converts the inner data to uppercase.

upper_start

Converts the inner data to lowercase.

lower_start

Creates a MD5 hash of the inner data.

md5_start

Cuts off the last part of a path string in the inner data. So /folder1/folder2/folder3/ would become /folder1/folder2/

chop_start

Cleans up HTML data to remove its tags with a regex expression.

htmlclean_start

Cleans up HTML data to remove tags using a different non regex algorithm.

htmlclean2_start

Gets the last element of a path in the inner data. Example: {last_start}/folder1/folder2/file.txt{last_end} results in file.txt

last_start

Trims off white space on the ends of the inner data.

trim_start 

Safeguards the text for raw SQL preventing ' and ; and %, etc risks in input text.

sql_start

Finds a location of a string. Example: {indexof_start:thing:-1}something to search in{indexof_end} it searches for the location of 'thing' in that text starting from the right side moving backwards. The -1 means a negative search, where a -5 would mean a negative search starting from position 5. A 0 would mean start at the beginning.

indexof_start

Grab a part of a string. Example: {substring_start:2:5}something to find{substring_end} would result in 'met'
Example_2: {substring_start:-4:-1}something to find{substring_end} would result in 'find'
The -4 is 4 from the end, and the -1 means all the way to the end. If you did a positive 1 it would do 1 character from the 4th character to the end.

substring_start

Split a string into pieces with the character(s) specified. Example: {split_start:_:3}this_is_a_test_for_split{split_end} would result in the 3rd item which is the word 'test'

split_start

Change a part of the string. Example: {replace_start:test:big_test}this_is_a_test_for_replace{replace_end}

replace_start

Add one to the value assumed to be an integer. {increment_start}50{increment_end} results in a value of 51.

increment_start

Opposite of increment.

decrement_start

Add an amount to the number. Example: {add_start:500}1000{add_end} results in 1500.

add_start

Parsing a date to a millisecond value. Example: {parse_start:MMddyy HH~..~mm~..~ss}042578 22:43:12{parse_end} Note how the sideways colon is used to represent the colon since colon is our separator character. ~..means : in functions where that scenario occurs.

parse_start

Do the opposite, producing a formatted date. {rparse_start:MMddyy HH~..~mm~..~ss}12345678923{rparse_end} would result in some date formatted value.

rparse_start

Grab a part of a formatted URL. Example: {url_start:host}ftp://demo:demo@crushftp.com/demo/folder/file.txt{url_end} would result in 'crushftp.com'

url_start

Get the length of the inner data. Example: {length_start}blah{length_end} would result in 4.

length_start

Do very basic math operation on text formatted math. Example: {math_start:l}5+5{math_end} would result in 10. The l is for LONG. f is for FLOAT. i is for INTEGER, which is the default. So {math_start:f}5+5{math_end} would result in 10.0

math_start

Reference a list of user attributes, separated by a delimitator character, of a group of users. Example: {group_start:email:MainUsers:,}Mygroup{group_end} comma separated list of user e-mail addresses members of Mygroup from MainUsers connection group

group_start

Trace geographically an IP using https://freegeoip.net, for example {geoip_start}{user_ip}{geoip_end} in a user task

geoip_start